State-Space Vector Autoregressions in mvgam

Vector Autoregressions (VAR models), also known as Multivariate Autoregressions (MAR models), offer a way to model delayed and contemporaneous interactions among sets of multiple time series. These models are widely used in econometrics and psychology, among other fields, where they can be analyzed to ask many interesting questions about potential causality or stability. But software to fit these models to real-world time series, which often present as non-Gaussian counts, proportions or even binary observations with measurement error, is lacking. Here I show how to fit VARs in a State-Space format, and how to interrogate the models to ask meaningful questions about interactions and stability, using the mvgam package in R.

Incorporating time-varying seasonality in forecast models

Many time series show repeated seasonal patterns, and fitting models that can capture this seasonality is a major focus of time series forecasting algorithms. There are a lot of useful, established methods to deal with this (i.e. SARIMA, Harmonic regression), but sometimes the seasonal patterns change over time. Fewer time series and forecasting models can handle this feature. This post introduces some strategies for capturing time-varying seasonality and time-varying periodicity in Dynamic Generalized Additive Models, using the mvgam package in R.

How to interpret and report nonlinear effects from Generalized Additive Models

Generalized additive models (GAMs) are incredibly flexible tools that fit penalized regression splines to data. But interpreting nonlinear effects from GAMs is not as easy as interpreting linear models. In this post I provide 3 simple steps to help you understand and interpret nonlinear effects from GAMs using the mgcv R package.

Simulating data for model exploration in R

Some simple examples to illustrate the power and utility of simulating fake data for guiding analyes and understanding confounding in R

Using Stan for logistic regressions with detection error

Example of how to simulate binary observations of an imperfectly observed data generating process (i.e. binary measurements that are made with error) and use Stan to estimate parameters of the model in a Bayesian framework.

Phylogenetic smoothing using mgcv

Use species’ phylogenetic or functional relationships to inform and partially pool hierarchical, nonlinear smooth functions in Generalized Additive Models with mgcv

Using Stan to model geostatistical count data with distance matrices

Switching to spatial regression modeling, I here show how to simulate discrete observations over a latent Gaussian Process spatial autocorrelation function. I then demonstrate how to use Stan to estimate parameters of the model using a spatial distance matrix as input.

Distributed lags (and hierarchical distributed lags) using mgcv and mvgam

Use mgcv’s convenient list data format for setting up nonlinear functions that change smoothly over increasing temporal lags

Temporal autocorrelation in GAMs and the mvgam package

Temporal autocorrelation is a dominant feature of time series. We often want to use Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to fit smoothing splines to time series data, but incorporating autocorrelation in these models can be difficult. Enter the mvgam package